Science indicates that the planet Earth has been orbiting the Sun for approximately 4.55 billion years. During that time the Sun has been orbiting the centre of the galaxy, and in the process moving closer to and further from other stars. Read more →

In 1950 AD, the eminent physicist Enrico Fermi asked a poignant question: “Where is everybody?” Read more →

Regardless of whether Abiogenesis did take place, or life was left behind by some intrepid explorers from an unknown star system, it was soon to end. Read more →

Since the Late Heavy Bombardment life has thrived on the Earth, first during the Archean Eon, and then throughout the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Eons that followed. Life during the Archean Eon was quite different from the eons that followed. Read more →

Approximately 2.3 billion years ago things changed on the Earth, when cyanobacteria began producing oxygen on a massive scale causing the Great Oxidization, also known as the Oxygen Catastrophe. Read more →

As the earth thawed from the the Marinoan glaciation around 575 million years ago, a plethora of new species appeared during a period called the Avalonian Explosion. Read more →

The Proterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary was set at around 542 million years ago during the 1800s, to mark the appearance of the first animal fossils in the geological record. Read more →

  The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) was a diversification of animal life throughout the Ordovician period,(1)Axel Munnecke et al. (2010). “Ordovician and Silurian sea-water chemistry, sea level, and climate: A synopsis” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 296, Number 3–4, Pages 389–413 just 40 million years after the Cambrian explosion.(3)Thomas Servais et al. (2008) “The Ordovician Biodiversification: revolution in the oceanic… Read more →

The Silurian Period existed between 443 and 419 billion years ago, and enjoyed relatively stable and warm temperatures, in contrast with the extreme glaciations of the Ordovician Period before it, and the extreme heat of the ensuing Devonian Period. Read more →

Between 419 and 359 million years ago, the Earth was in what is known as the Devonian Period, also known as the Age of Fish do to the abundance of fish species found in the geological record. Read more →